The Foundation of the National Park Service
On August 25, 1916, President Woodrow Wilson signed the Organic Act into law. This crucial decision marked the creation of the National Park Service (NPS) and a new era of dedicated management and protection for our national parks. The Organic Act’s core mission for the NPS was to “conserve the scenery and the natural and historic objects and the wildlife therein and to provide for the enjoyment of the same in such manner and by such means as will leave them unimpaired for the enjoyment of future generations.” This directive, often cited as the foundation of American conservation efforts, established clear criteria for designating national parks. These parks needed to offer something special, be it breathtaking natural sights or unique ecosystems.
Before the Organic Act, agencies such as the Army and the Department of the Interior managed our parks. The act centralized this management, placing all parks under the dedicated care of the National Park Service.
Beyond simply establishing the NPS and designating park criteria, the Organic Act set the stage for our parks to be places of unity, learning, and exploration. These national treasures, rich in history and beauty, became more than just destinations—they’re outdoor classrooms that foster curiosity and national pride. The approach inspired countries like Canada and Australia in forming their own national park systems.
The journey hasn’t been without its challenges. The Organic Act has been reinterpreted over time, leading to evolving park management strategies. The balance between preserving natural resources and catering to recreational needs is a continuous challenge. Moreover, the act birthed historic preservation initiatives within the NPS, like the National Register of Historic Places and the National Historic Landmark Program, highlighting its far-reaching impact in conserving both natural and historic sites across the country.